Altogether, the adjusted VaR has the desired properties to cope with nonnormal return distributions. Moreover, in conjunction with the correlation matrix of asset returns it allows to calculate the optimal portfolios with an algorithm similar to the quadratic programming algorithm used in the mean–variance framework. For the description of further transformations interested readers may refer [...]
The management option to alter the capital structure establishes the link between structural models and fundamental credit analysis. It may be remembered that in the Merton framework the strike price of both the call and the put option on the firm’s assets changes when the capital structure of a company changes. This is undoubtedly one [...]
Additional features of commercial applications include, for example, time-varying default barriers, continuous monitoring of the default threshold, the use of alternative option pricing models and different assumptions for the behavior of asset values. They typically incorporate short-term and long-term liabilities, convertible debt, preferred equity and common equity, although this substantially enhances complexity of the model. [...]